Command line args in Python : When the program comes to Python , it's all about libraries .Argparser is the library used for the taking inputs from the command line. Here you can validate the arguments which are entered by the user without writing the another function to validate from the if conditions. suppose give a filename like cmdprocess.py You can give the expecting arguments like below cmdprocess.py --help it will give the total arguments with respective commands to represent Required =True : When the required is true. You have to enter the argument. Type = function name: Type is very useful to validate the input entered by the user. so that you can send a message like user need to enter the defined arguments only. This function always expects the input argument . Custom-Exceptions In Python: There are multiple exception...